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Concretions, Thunder Eggs and Geodes
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/concretions-thunder-eggs-and-geodes/Concretions are compact, often rounded, accumulations of mineral matter that form inside sedimentary rocks such as shale and sandstone or in soil.
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Limestone caves
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/limestone-caves/Caves form in limestone (calcium carbonate), and occasionally in dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate), when water containing dissolved carbon dioxide (carbonic acid) seeps into rock crevices and joints.
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Structure of volcanoes
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/structure-of-volcanoes/Although volcanoes are often seen as being destructive they are also constructive. They add more land to the surface of the Earth and, when weathered, provide us with a nutrient-rich soil for agriculture.
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Igneous intrusions
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/igneous-intrusions/Molten magma can invade the Earth's upper layers and then solidify as igneous intrusions.
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Plate Tectonics
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/plate-tectonic-processes/Since the 1950s, several discoveries have led to a new understanding of how the Earth works.
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The universe
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/the-universe/The universe can be defined as the whole of existing things from the scale of sub-micron to outer space.
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Looking inside the Earth
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/looking-inside-the-earth/The internal structure of the Earth consists of three main parts, the crust, mantle and core. The division between the crust and the mantle is called the Moho.
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The Sydney Basin
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/the-sydney-basin/The Sydney Basin is a major structural basin containing a thick Permian-Triassic (290 Ma - 200 Ma (million years old)) sedimentary sequence that is part of the much larger Sydney-Gunnedah-Bowen Basin.
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Pyroclastic processes and materials
https://australian.museum/learn/dinosaurs/pyroclastic-processes-and-materials/Pyroclastic means 'fire broken' and is the term for rocks formed from fragments produced by volcanic explosions.
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Glossary of geoscience terms
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/glossary-geoscience-terms/Geoscience (also known as earth sciences and geology) is the study of the Earth and includes all non-living parts of our environment, and everything below the Earth's surface. Here are some common geoscience terms explained.
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Tails from the Coasts
Special exhibition
On now![]()
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Burra
Permanent kids learning space
10am - 4.30pm![]()
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RELICS
Special Exhibition
Opens 16 August 2025![]()
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Minerals
Permanent exhibition
Open daily![]()
