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Limestone caves
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/limestone-caves/Caves form in limestone (calcium carbonate), and occasionally in dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate), when water containing dissolved carbon dioxide (carbonic acid) seeps into rock crevices and joints.
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Igneous intrusions
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/igneous-intrusions/Molten magma can invade the Earth's upper layers and then solidify as igneous intrusions.
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Plate Tectonics
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/plate-tectonic-processes/Since the 1950s, several discoveries have led to a new understanding of how the Earth works.
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Looking inside the Earth
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/looking-inside-the-earth/The internal structure of the Earth consists of three main parts, the crust, mantle and core. The division between the crust and the mantle is called the Moho.
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Water and sedimentary transport
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/water-and-sedimentary-processes/Water plays a vital role in most sedimentary processes. Pure water itself has little effect on rocks. It is the dissolved gases in water, particularly carbon dioxide, that cause the chemical decay of minerals and mineral dissolution.
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What are minerals?
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/what-are-minerals/Minerals are the building blocks of our planet. Discover what they reveal about the history of Earth and our solar system and what makes them so essential to our existence.
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Gemstones
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/gemstones/Gemstones are prized for their beautiful colours and patterns and are used in a range of applications including jewellery, decorative items and as important features of mineral collections.
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Metamorphic rocks
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/metamorphic-rocks/Metamorphic rocks form because of changes in temperature and depth of burial within the Earth in a solid state without actual melting.
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The Molong Meteorite – a visitor from outer space.
https://australian.museum/learn/news/blog/the-molong-meteorite-a-visitor-from-outer-space/A story about a meteorite from the central west of NSW that has been part of the Australian Museum collection for 83 years.
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Oliver Chalmers – Curator of Minerals
https://australian.museum/about/history/people/oliver-chalmers-curator-of-minerals/The promising lad who became a highly regarded geologist.
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Machu Picchu and the Golden Empires of Peru
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Tails from the Coasts
Special Exhibition
10 May – 7 September 2025![]()
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Wild Planet
Permanent exhibition
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Minerals
Permanent exhibition
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