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Lavas
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/lavas/One of the products of volcanic eruptions is lava. Lavas vary widely in composition depending upon their original source magma.
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Concretions, Thunder Eggs and Geodes
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/concretions-thunder-eggs-and-geodes/Concretions are compact, often rounded, accumulations of mineral matter that form inside sedimentary rocks such as shale and sandstone or in soil.
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Limestone caves
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/limestone-caves/Caves form in limestone (calcium carbonate), and occasionally in dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate), when water containing dissolved carbon dioxide (carbonic acid) seeps into rock crevices and joints.
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Structure of volcanoes
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/structure-of-volcanoes/Although volcanoes are often seen as being destructive they are also constructive. They add more land to the surface of the Earth and, when weathered, provide us with a nutrient-rich soil for agriculture.
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Igneous intrusions
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/igneous-intrusions/Molten magma can invade the Earth's upper layers and then solidify as igneous intrusions.
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Plate Tectonics
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/plate-tectonic-processes/Since the 1950s, several discoveries have led to a new understanding of how the Earth works.
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The universe
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/the-universe/The universe can be defined as the whole of existing things from the scale of sub-micron to outer space.
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Looking inside the Earth
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/looking-inside-the-earth/The internal structure of the Earth consists of three main parts, the crust, mantle and core. The division between the crust and the mantle is called the Moho.
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Water and sedimentary transport
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/water-and-sedimentary-processes/Water plays a vital role in most sedimentary processes. Pure water itself has little effect on rocks. It is the dissolved gases in water, particularly carbon dioxide, that cause the chemical decay of minerals and mineral dissolution.
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What are minerals?
https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/what-are-minerals/Minerals are the building blocks of our planet. Discover what they reveal about the history of Earth and our solar system and what makes them so essential to our existence.
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Machu Picchu and the Golden Empires of Peru
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Tails from the Coasts
Special Exhibition
10 May – 7 September 2025![]()
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Wild Planet
Permanent exhibition
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Minerals
Permanent exhibition
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