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Homo neanderthalensis – The Neanderthals
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/homo-neanderthalensis/

Neanderthals co-existed with modern humans for long periods of time before eventually becoming extinct about 28,000 years ago. The unfortunate stereotype of these people as dim-witted and brutish cavemen still lingers in popular ideology but research has revealed a more nuanced picture.

Australopithecus bahrelghazali
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/australopithecus-bahrelghazali/

This species lived about 3.6 million years ago and is the first from the genus Australopithecus to be discovered outside of southern and eastern Africa.

Homo rudolfensis
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/homo-rudolfensis/

This early human lived about 2 million years ago, but its place on our family tree is debated.

Ardipithecus kadabba
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/ardipithecus-kadabba/

This early hominin lived over 5 million years ago in East Africa.

Ardipithecus ramidus
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/ardipithecus-ramidus/

Discovered in the 1990s, this is one of the earliest of our hominin ancestors yet discovered.

When did modern humans get to Australia?
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/the-spread-of-people-to-australia/

Archaeological evidence shows that modern humans had reached South-east Asia by 70,000 years ago and that they had spread to Australia by at least 50,000 years ago.

When and where did our species originate?
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/when-and-where-did-our-species-originate/

Our species, Homo sapiens, has now spread to all parts of the world but it's generally believed that we originated in Africa by about 200,000 years ago. We interacted with local archaic human populations as we colonised the globe.

How do we affect our evolution?
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/how-do-we-affect-our-evolution/

We are the only living things that have the ability to counter the forces of evolution. In the past, our ancestors relied on genetic adaptations for survival. Today, technology, rather than biology, has become the key to our survival as a species.

How do we know if they could speak?
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/how-do-we-know-if-they-could-speak/

All animals communicate. However, only humans communicate through language, which can be written, spoken or signed. The enormous benefits of language have allowed us to teach others, pass on our culture, discuss the past and future, and promote social relationships.

Shorter jaws with smaller teeth
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/shorter-jaws-with-smaller-teeth/

As our ancestors evolved, their jaws and teeth changed in many ways. Some tooth changes were apparent five million years ago and additional changes have occurred since then.